Why We Hate the Dumb Kids. Free Essays

Magazine, or K Magazine, they wont understand it. They can’t spell. They spell in text. We will compose a custom exposition test on Why We Hate the Dumb Kids. or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now OMG, TTYL, and so forth , They invest all their energy playing internet games and appreciating every others Faceable lives. Its reality basically. The issue is a lot of more regrettable than you might suspect. In the no so distant past, a secondary teacher in California passed out a task that necessary understudies to utilize a ruler ? also, found not a solitary one of them knew how. I read that In an online article about â€Å"Kids these days† . What does that say about our general public? What does that say about us? We as parent’s are the ones at last liable for empowering our children’s thinking and drawing in ablest aren’t we? Or on the other hand have we failed and depended on the educational system once more. One English instructor really censured any course reading perusing and proposed viewing the film! That’s Insane. Individuals wonder why homecomings has become increasingly more typical nowadays, that’s why. Its the parent’s absence of Involvement In their kids everyday lives cause we also have squeezed ourselves to put forth that attempt to realize that â€Å"Johnny† is being instructed and we are doing all that we can to help he appropriately uses all the apparatuses he is given to learn with. Truly, it might be simpler to watch a Youth video that will show in verbatim how to reinvent your Phone to though mode yet on the off chance that you were approached to exhibit it on paper, these children would be astounded. We should be increasingly included and help structure their speculations of the now and anxious methods of learning versus really learning. Instructions to refer to Why We Hate the Dumb Kids., Papers

Rama Plaza Building Collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rama Plaza Building Collapse - Essay Example While the consenting to of arrangements is a decent sign of generosity, it is fundamental to consider different issues which will ensure that representatives are treated in the most ideal manner conceivable. Consenting to go numerous arrangements is anyway no assurance that security will improve. However, these understandings just make the connection among laborers and managers to be convoluted. It can't be focused on enough that such awful occasions as the Rana Plaza mishaps are unsuitable in any capacity. In such manner, firms and businesses must have the option to have a decent path for securing their laborers (Ehap and Salim, 67). Producers must not rely upon rules and laws so as to secure human life. Human life is excessively significant, and the estimation of human life ought not be esteemed dependent on econometrics. This implies these organizations should have the option to take a gander at these issues in a superior manner instead of simply making rules and laws and loo at s pecialist security in an intense manner. In an advanced business world, rivalry has kept on expanding in such manner; there are numerous procedures which are mean to help in ensuring that organizations are capable. In such manner, business specialists has built up the worth chain process is the existence cycle an item experiences until the item gets to the end purchaser (Ehap and Salim, 66). This procedure is a meaning of the costs which the organizations should bring about all together produce a completed thing. At the end of the day, the numerous organizations are outfitted towards ensuring that the firm can introduce the best nature of their product to their purchaser while offering them the most ideal cost. This has prompted organizations trying however much as could be expected to decrease their operational expenses (Ehap and Salim, 78). For this situation, human asset has been influenced in light of the fact that organizations have attempted however much as could be expected t o decrease the expense of human work, prompting firms in the primary world to re-appropriate their work on board (particularly in China) so as to have modest work. This implies occasions, for example, the Rana Plaza modern mishap can be followed back to the customer. To forestall this later on, it is important to include the shopper and assist them with understanding the genuine expense of the item thy use. Some modest items in the market are paid for in blood since people have been mishandled to make these items. This can be found in the manner the Chinese perspiration houses are utilized to make minimal effort pieces of clothing. This has been seen in different cases, for example, in Apple Inc., Nike and so forth. Shoppers should be instructed about these issues and urged to maintain a strategic distance from blood-items (at the end of the day, items whose genuine expense is human blood.) by teaching the end customers on these issues it will be conceivable to evade examples, for e xample, the Rana Plaza. In doing as such, firms must be compelled to uncover the genuine cost structure of delivering their items so as to recognize any blood cost in their creation of products or in their worth chain. From a solitary business perspective, there is in this way a need to make an answer which isn't generally chivalrous of the monetary proficiency. Organizations have duties which are attached to different partners and these obligations must be met before financial productivity can be thought of. In any case, over the long haul, concentrating on these duties will likewise assist singular organizations with saving over the long haul. A firm

Walk of the Strandbeest

Walk of the Strandbeest Not pollen or seeds but plastic yellow tubes are the basis of this new nature. I make skeletons that walk on the wind so they dont have to eat. Over time, these skeletons have become increasingly better at surviving the elements such as storm and water and eventually I want to put these animals out in herds on the beaches, so they will live their own lives. Theo Jansen Last Thursday, Dutch artist Theo Jansens Strandbeest stood in the rain on a patch of pavement outside the Media Lab. With wind in their sails, and aided (on a rainy but not-so-windy day) by humans who pushed them like strollers, the Strandbeest walked back and forth. Jansen’s Strandbeests â€" “beach animals” in Dutch â€" seem more like evolutionary inevitabilities than one artist’s brainchildren, wrote Sharon Lacey of the Media Lab. Jansen engineers wondrous, large-scale kinetic sculptures from humble PVC tubing and endows them with the ability to harness available and stored wind power for their locomotion. For the past 20 years, Jansen has been perfecting his Strandbeest designs on Scheveningen Beach on the Dutch seaside, while gaining international recognition. They are captivating creatures. They were much smaller than I expected them to be, but I realized almost immediately that my expectations had been overly imaginative (I heard the words  Strandbeest and Dutch seaside and pictured something the size of an ark). Their skeletons were delicate; they walked smoothly, sliding over the cement with soft clacking noises. Theo Jansen calls these Strandbeest Animaris ordis. Animaris ordis is now temporarily tattooed on my left arm. Below, thanks to Peter Downs 16 (whose photography can be found here), see proof. applying the tattoo with a wet leaf the result the doubly adorned volunteer temp tat distributor me, pleased with the beast The Jansen, explaining the beast All photo credits to Peter Downs

When Is the Best Time to Send Graduation Announcements

Sending college graduation announcements may not be a huge priority for you — after all, youve got a lot going on as you prepare to graduate from and live life after college — but if you want to spread the news of your accomplishment, its important to do it in a timely manner, especially if you want people to attend the ceremony. So when exactly should you get your college graduation announcements in the mail? Give Yourself Plenty of Time Your timeline depends on the purpose of your announcement. If your announcement also serves as an invitation, the card should arrive two weeks prior to the event, at the very least. That means its a good idea to drop them in the mail about a month out from graduation day, if not earlier. More often, graduation announcements are just that — announcements. In that case, you can plan on sending them no earlier than a month out. Its acceptable for graduation announcements to arrive two weeks prior to two weeks after your graduation date. Remember, thats just the timeline for sending the announcements. Give yourself ample time to collect all the addresses you need, as well as shop for, choose and order the stationery. At that point, youre subject to the sellers order deadlines, production timelines, and shipping options. If youre a procrastinator, you may be able to save some time by ordering pre-addressed envelopes or address labels (though that will cost more). And if youre really under a time crunch, you could even spring for priority mail postage — again, thatll cost you. Ideally, you want to allow enough time for 1) the announcement to arrive at someones house, 2) the person to read your announcement 3) buy a congratulations card, if they wish and 4) the congratulatory card or gift to arrive back at your school. One month usually allows plenty of time for this process to take place. If the timing is such that you dont think youll be at school by the time congrats cards arrive, consider putting your post-grad address (or your parents address) on the envelope so nothing gets lost. If youd rather not deal with that, you can add a no gifts, please line to your graduation announcement. Of course, thats no guarantee people wont send you anything, so take the time to think about the best return address to put on the envelopes. Other Things to Consider About Graduation Announcements If its already closer than one month until your graduation, dont worry: Just send out your announcements as soon as you can. Keep in mind its acceptable to send out your announcements after youve already graduated, as long as not too much time has passed between your graduation date and the delivery of the announcement. Ultimately, its up to you when you want them to arrive. Finally, remember that you dont have  to send graduation announcements if you dont have the time or dont want to spend the money doing so.

Christian Fellowship Have Heard Of Evangelism Essay

Many within the Christian fellowship have heard of evangelism. Nevertheless, it is not at all surprising that many aren’t quite familiar with the true definition of the term. Furthermore, there are many Christians whom would consider themselves to be faithful and committed followers of Christ who obey and believe the Word of God with a testimony that reveals that they are being the best servant that he or she can be towards the risen Savior. Often times, Christians lead their lives without much consideration about sharing the gospel with anyone other than their immediate family members or close friends. Event then, Christians aren’t too sure of what they should say or how it should be said. Christians have become extremely sensitive of not offending another individual when it comes to the gospel of Jesus Christ. It is often considered that evangelism is the responsibility of the senior pastor and staff ministers. â€Å"Sometimes our problem may be any one of a l ong list of excuses. Perhaps we don’t know the gospel well enough – or we don’t think we do. Maybe we think it’s someone else’s job, the work of a minister or a missionary† (Dever, 2007, p. 16). Dever asks the question, â€Å"What is the gospel† (Dever, 2007, p. 31)? For Christians who have been saved for any good length of time, the gospel is commonly known as the good news of the Lord Jesus Christ being full of love and compassion, who was born to a virgin mother in a manger who came to save a dying world from theirShow MoreRelatedA Look At Discipleship Within The Millennial Generation And How They Evangelize1307 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper takes a look at Evangelism in 2016. It will discuss some views based upon studies of the Millennial Generation and how they evangelize. Over recent years’ studies have shown that although Evangelism amongst some generations seem to be declining. Evangelism amongst the Millennial Generation seems to be exploding. This paper will generate some personal synopsis based upon my most recent research. It will answer the question by presenting what some churches are not doing, to bring us toRead MoreThe Church Of The Christ ian Faith1392 Words   |  6 PagesWesley believed that the living core of the Christian faith was revealed in Scripture, illumined by tradition, vivified in personal experience, and confirmed by reason. Stephen Gunter writes, Perhaps no theological topic has been the focus of more debate with The United Methodist Church over the past quarter century than the Wesleyan Quadrilateral . It should be noted that John Wesley never used the term Wesleyan Quadrilateral to describe his process of theological affirmation. The WesleyanRead MoreIs It More Important Than The Individual2233 Words   |  9 Pagesoffer yourselves as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God†¦. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Romans 12:1-2). Paul’s message here is plain and clear. Besides Paul’s exhortation in Romans, we have this dramatic statement from Jesus: If anyone comes to me and does not hate his father and mother, his wife and children, his brothers and sisters—yes, even his own life—he cannot be My disciple (Luke 14:26). Extreme, you say? Jesus was makingRead MoreMissions Should Be A Fundamental Priority1565 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"God authorized and commanded me to commission you: Go out and train everyone you meet, far and near, in this way of life, marking them by baptism in the threefold name: Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. Then instruct them in the practice of all I have commanded you. I’ll be with you as you do this, day after day after day, right up to the end of the age.† The Great Commission charges the church to go into cultures and make disciples. The question then becomes how do we do that? What does it lookRead MoreThe As A Practical Handbook For Christians2461 Words   |  10 Pagesresurrecti on of Jesus. Through an encounter with the Holy Spirit, and his newfound belief in Christ, James became the leader of the Christian church. He advised many characteristics regarding the church and imparted insight to the description of the bride of Christ in Acts as well. James even authored an Epistle is recognized as a practical handbook for Christians. The book of James describes practical truths concerning wisdom and working faith. Shortly after completing this book, the active andRead MoreTalk and notes Regarding a Sunday Sermon Regarding the Book of Acts2706 Words   |  11 PagesActs 4.23-31 23 When they were released, they went to their friends and reported what the chief priests and the elders had said to them. 24 And when they heard it, they lifted their voices together to God and said, â€Å"Sovereign Lord, who made the heaven and the earth and the sea and everything in them, 25 who through the mouth of our father David, your servant, said by the Holy Spirit,â€Å"‘Why did the Gentiles rage,†¨and the peoples plot in vain?26 The kings of the earth set themselves,†¨and the rulersRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesVersion. Copyright  © 1973, 1978, 1984, International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Bible Publishers. Bible texts credited to RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright  © 1946, 1952, 1971, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. Texts credited to RV are from The Holy Bible, Revised Version, Oxfor d University Press, 1911. Printed in U.S.A. 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-8280-1947-9Read MoreEssay on Fundamentalism and Inerrancy of Scripture5400 Words   |  22 PagesBaptists and Presbyterians ) sought to keep their power when they had it or to regain it if they had lost it. They fought mostly about the teaching of theology and the locations for sending out missions. In 1919, a global association, the Worlds Christian Fundamentals Association, became the common mouthpiece for all churches concerned. In July 1920, a Baptist journalist, Curtis Lee Laws, editor-in-chief of Baptist Watchman-Examiner, appealed to all those who thought like him to call themselves fundamentalistsRead MoreComparitive Religion : Hinduism and Christianity4696 Words   |  19 PagesBottom of Form Comparing Christian and Hindu understandings of Salvation Heather Brooke Comparing Christian and Hindu understandings of Salvation. In our evangelism, is it possible to bridge the gulf? Heather Brooke -------------------------------------------------- Heather Brooke. Currently enrolled in the Graduate Diploma of Mission Studies, Tabor College. Heather Brooke is a wife, mother and teacher who is currently studying at Tabor College, Melbourne working on her Graduate DiplomaRead MoreComparitive Religion : Hinduism and Christianity4682 Words   |  19 PagesBottom of Form Comparing Christian and Hindu understandings of Salvation Heather Brooke Comparing Christian and Hindu understandings of Salvation. In our evangelism, is it possible to bridge the gulf? Heather Brooke -------------------------------------------------- Heather Brooke. Currently enrolled in the Graduate Diploma of Mission Studies, Tabor College. Heather Brooke is a wife, mother and teacher who is currently studying at Tabor College, Melbourne working on her Graduate Diploma in Mission

Charles Dickens, Great Expectations Free Essays

The text under consideration presents an excerpt from the novel â€Å"Great expectations† by Charles Dickens who is one of the world’s greatest novelists of the 19th century famous for his criticism of the bourgeois society of his time with its evils and contrasts of wealth and poverty, his unique mastery of character drawing and optimistic point of view concerning life and the world around him. The reader highly appreciates Dickens’s spirit of optimism, his love for common people and his strong belief in the final victory of good over evil as well as his humour which is to be found on every page and in characters and incidents of the greatest diversity. However, Dickens possesses a great dramatic instinct which can be proved by the following extract. We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Dickens, Great Expectations or any similar topic only for you Order Now On a stormy rainy night a young man named Pip is reading a book when a strange visitor interrupts him appearing unexpectedly. Pip lets him in wondering what has brought the man to his flat. While talking to him Pip suddenly begins to recognize the guest whose strange behavior confuses the young man. The stranger turns out to be Pip’s mysterious benefactor whom he helped escape from pursuit when a child and this fact shocks Pip so much for he considers his present status to be his own achievement. The convict reveals secret after secret and does not conceal his pride of Pip’s being a real gentleman. The extract under consideration presents a piece of 1st person narration which proves to be more objective from the point of view of the novel protagonist with elements of colorful description and vivid portrayal intercepted with a dialog and flashbacks deepening the reader’s penetration into the character thoughts. The prevalent mood of the excerpt is gloomy, nervous and disturbing, full of anxiety and tension maintained by the weather behind the window of the Pip’s room with an air of approaching disaster. With every coming word the author creates the atmosphere of a lonely stormy evening that brings not only disaster but also renders the character’s thoughts, his state of mind and soul, his vague foreboding of radical but inevitable changes that are both captivating ad dramatic. With the tonality of the narration gradually shifting along the scale of intensiveness the text under analysis can be split into four logical parts and the following names can be suggested for each of them. The 1st part titled â€Å"An anticipatory fear† introduces the reader into the story and forms the background against which all the events take place. The 2nd one bears the name â€Å"The stranger in the room† acquainting the reader with the uninvited guest who is the embodiment of mystery and enigma. The 3d part of the excerpt called â€Å"The present meets the past† provides the reader with some new information concerning the protagonist’s early life and reasons his present behavior. The final part which presents the climax of the extract can be named â€Å"The revelation† answering the questions aroused in the previous parts. Let us consider each part of the text separately. The 1st part of the extract serves as introduction into a stormy and dark evening provoking the whole chain of mysterious and striking events happening to the protagonist of the novel Pip reading a book late at night in his small London flat at the top floor of the building. Every detail introduced by the author is called upon enhancing the gloominess of the atmosphere and preparing the reader for the events forthcoming. To intensify the wretchedness of the weather of the weather the writer resorts to the whole palette of stylistic devices – numerous repetitions (â€Å"stormy and wet, stormy and wet†, â€Å"mud, mud, mud†) to form the background against the events take place and gradually draw the reader into the story who comes across another SD – polysyndeton (and†¦ and†¦ and) that is another type of repetition which intensifies the increasing strain and growing nervousness. Apart from that Dickens metaphorically compares the clouds with a heavy veil which being vast, heavy and all-embracing covers the whole city reinforcing the image of inevitable disaster by means of hyperbole (an eternity of cloud and wind, the worst day of all) lending an additional expressiveness to the narration. The wind is personified by the author and likened to a terrible monster, primeval beast which deals death and destruction and demolishes everything in its way (violent blasts, rages of the wind, the wind assails and tears the sound) in order to emphasize the implied feeling of the ramatic events coming. The lexical expressive means are strengthen by definite syntactic structures used by Dickens to contribute to a more colorful and probable presentation of the scene. The expressive intensive sentence â€Å"So furious had been the gusts† brings additional vividness and luster to the description is accompanied by a SD of detachment which primary function is to add sign ificance to the part of the sentence manifesting itself in the following phrase: and gloomy accounts had come in from the coast, of shipwreck and death. The time is flowing carrying away the last moments of Pip’s peaceful reading and the final one is burned out by the Saint Paul’s and all the many church-clocks striking. In this paragraph the author’s godsend is the use of SD of onomatopoeia (the sound of the clocks striking – leading, accompanying, following) that perfectly presents the idea of the clock chime as a sign of approaching danger or disaster. The parallel construction of this sentence is backed up by anaphora accentuating the temporary state of affairs (some†¦ some†¦ some). The SD of parallelism is also used by the author in the next phrase â€Å"The sound was curiously flowed by the wind and I was listening and thinking† which is gradually bringing the reader to the 2nd part of the excerpt â€Å"The stranger in the room† further intensifying the tense atmosphere of the 1st one. Gloomy prophesies turns out to be true – the strange uninvited guest is coming up the stairs to intrude into Pip’s apartment and Pip’s life. Dickens masterfully resorts to the SD of metonymy to maintain the air of mystery and growing suspense – Pip hears a footstep, not a man (I heard a footstep on the stair, the footstep stumbled), talks to a voice that seems to be the echo of his own words (There is nothing the reflected by matter? Nothing the matter†¦) presented by anadiplosis, sees a face – larding the image of the stranger with a special choice of words including epithets rendering not only the character’s thoughts but also enhancing the general sense of anxiety the whole extract is permeated with (nervous folly, awfully connected, dead sister, blown out lights, incomprehensible air, mere instant, the darkness beneath, a shaded lamp etc. ). The author has a firm grip on reader’s interest inserting an indefinite pronoun â€Å"whoever† which precedes the actual description of the night visitor built by the author with the help of antithesis (he was substantially dressed, but roughly), simile (like a voyager by the sea and tha abundant use of various epithets (muscular man, strong on his legs, large brown venous hands, browned, hardened). His hair is metaphorically called iron-grey, and judging by his appearance one might say that this person is used to hard work. The paragraph is practically built on parallel constructions backed up by anaphoric repetition (that†¦ that) to make the description of the stranger more expressive. Pip gets involved in the conversation with his visitor and we cannot but notice that these principle characters are opposed to each other at different levels and in different ways – both in speech and their attitude towards each other. All kinds of deviations from standard English – phonetic (arter, fur). Grammatical (you’ve grow’d up, I have never forgot it, you was a saying, wot) and lexical (nigh, alonger) are typical for Pip’s guest speech as contrasted to Pip’s highly educated phraseology that forms the huge gap between these two people that at first sight seems to be insuperable. Besides with the dialog intercepted the reader should pay the closest attention to the politeness the visitor addresses with to Pip (by your live, Master) and Pip’s inhospitable answers and nervous reactions finding their expression in such words as â€Å"resent the recognition of brightness, unwilling, ask as civilly as he can† revealing his inner shapeless fears and temporary mental state. One must feel the constant intention of the stranger to reach to Pip, to express joy caused by the sight of him (bright and gratified recognition that shone in his face), holds out both his hands to Pip – the phrase which runs like a refrain through the whole text merging its parts to a single whole and totally enjoys the view of Pip’s flat â€Å"looking about him as if he had some part in the things he admired†. Ascribing some positive intentions to the strange visitor on the one hand the author intensifies Pip’s negative attitude towards him on the other, laying an emphasis on the fact that Pip suspects the stranger to be mad, recoils from him talking to the interlocutor even in somewhat humiliating way (Why do you, a strange coming into my rooms at this time of the night, ask that question? ) when the first hint at disappointment of the night visitor gradually realizing him being an uninvited guest appears expressed by the epithets (his coarse broken voice) and his moment hesitation presented by epiphoric repetition (I’ll speak in half a minute. Give me half a minute, please) although his strong believe in Pip and his admiration remain unshakable. The atmosphere of growing suspense and tension maintained in the previous part bursts into a well-considered moment of recognition causing a tsunami of thoughts and feelings that threatens to devour the principle character. Pip’s night guest turns out to be the convict he helped escape from pursuit long time ago – and now this man so suddenly and unscrupulously interferes with Pip’s life. In order the reader forms a clear view of the situation, the author gives a flashback into the past events proceeding the present ones with a perfect use of causative-consecutive ties and connections. It is necessary to point out that repetition takes various forms in this paragraph. By means of anaphoric reiteration (For I knew him, but I new him, I knew him now! ) the writer sets an unmistakable rhyme reinforcing with every beat of Pip’s heart his feeling of realization and anxiety that is immediately communicated to the reader. No need to take a file, no need to take the handkerchief, no need to hug himself – there is something sinister about the fact that the phrase â€Å"no need to† is repeated so many times that the reader may find disturbing. As always when a repetition takes place, it results in a parallel arrangement of constructions (had driven away, had scattered, had swept us to the churchyard) which is meant to accentuate certain significant details of the past horrible for Pip. The constant use of the verb â€Å"to know† which is definitely a key word of the paragraph deserves special attention, as it is employed so as to emphasize the very fact of recognition. Moreover, the author resorts to a special choice of words aimed at lending an additional expressiveness to the moment described to produce the greatest possible effect achieved by the smallest possible means: to detect, to recall, feature, recognition, identity, suspect, consciousness, distinctly etc. The dramatic opposition of the characters previously introduced by Dickens finds its further development in the course of narration when being under the influence of moment hesitation Pip finally gives his hands to the convict – reluctantly – who grasps them heartily, and kisses them, and holds them which forms a kind of antithesis in the attitude of the personages towards each other. While the convict interprets Pip’s unconscious resignation as a good sign even going to embrace him, the protagonist overcomes his shock and astonishment to keep the distance (I aid a hand upon his breast and put him away) raising his voice in a fit of anger and in his desperate desire to be as far from this man as possible. The author favors reiterations in great abundance expressing one and the same idea from different angles to reveal Pip’s hesitation, lack of self-confidence with the help of root repetition (grateful, gratitude, to thank, to be thanked), anaphora (I am gl ad, I am glad) and chiasmus (I deserve to be thanked, you have come to thank me). As the author puts it Pip loses his self-possession not knowing what to do and the SD of aposiopesis (But surely you must understand – I†¦) is an excellent proof of it. The last phrase of the sentence bringing up the paragraph may be regarded as a logical summing up of what was previously said presenting the reader with a magnificent metaphor â€Å"the words died away on my tongue† proving to be an apotheosis of Pip’s temporary state of numbness and shock. While analyzing the text we must take into account the fact that both characters are presented in evolution – but each of them in his own unique way. At the beginning of the excerpt Pip is self-confident, self-reliant, a bit arrogant considering himself to be a master of the situation although this state does not last long. Pip tries to keep at the same level of formality but he is confused, nervous, anxious. Pip recognizes him but he’s unwilling to renew the chance intercourse with him (But our ways are different ways). In the course of narration he suffers lack of words and numbness while concerning the convict Dickens makes a well-thought-out swift in the mood of the personage shifting from friendly tone to somewhat ironic and self-assured one. The convict also repeats himself but deliberately as it produces quite a different, even opposite impression on the reader – his speech is now imbued with bitter disappointment and irony seems to be a perfect tool for its expression. Apart from this he tries to sound poetic (many a thousand mile of stormy water, since you and me was out on them lone shivering marshes) and all the dialect and uneducated features of his speech prominent not only in phonetics, but also in vocabulary and syntax cannot prevent the reader from perception of his romantic nature. In the stream of consciousness Pip turns off to his past again remembering some significant details about his acquaintance with the convict. Dickens resorts to anaphora (I was a poor boy, and to a poor boy they) to lay a special stress on the fact mentioned intensifying it with oxymoron (they were a little fortune) to lend probability and additional expressiveness to the description of Pip’s joyless childhood full of hardship and privation. The fact that the convict gave some money to Pip finds its reflection in the present when Pip is trying to repay to him to split all the bonds between them and get rid of the feeling of obligation. The protagonist’s actions insult the convict who does not care of money, burning them down. It is necessary to point out that Pip’s actions are connected polysyndetically to indicate Pip’s hurriedness and nervousness whereas the convict’s actions are joined asyndetically displaying perfectly his self-reliance. The contradictions of the convict’s manifest themselves in the recurring SD of chiasmus (with a smile that was like a frown, and with a frown that was like a smile) employed by the author confuse Pip even more when the night guest puts a question truing to sound greatly and deeply ironically – May I make so bold as ask you how you have done well? laying a special stress on â€Å"how† which is italicized. The question influences Pip in a strange and frightening way and the author reinforces his hidden fears using the emphatic it-structure in the following sentence – It was only now I began to tremble – in order to mark the moment when Pip’s numbness is ready to set him free giving way to much wilder feeling s and emotions. To impart to the paragraph its own stylistic value Dickens resorts to the SD of metonymy (lips had parted and shaped some words that were without sound) to deepen Pip’s hesitation and feeling of uncertainty. The question is piled on the question while the convict deliberately disparages himself (a mere warmint) to let Pip feel in full measure, keenly, acutely the convict’s ironic attitude towards him as a naive boy who thanks his lucky stars having no slightest idea of his real benefactor. Along with the epithet â€Å"wildly† the author make use of a colorful simile – with my heart beating like a heavy hammer of disorder action – and the SD of suspension (as to the first figure now. Five? As to the 1st letter of this layer’s name, now. Would it be J? ) to introduce the reader into the final part of the extract under consideration containing the denouement of the whole text. The final part of the text presents the climax of the excerpt with Pip’s state of shock being underlined in a number of ways and exaggerated. The author’s chief weapon is hyperbole. The abundant use of hyperbolic plural orms (disappointments, dangers, disgraces, consequences) blended with metaphoric (all the truth of my position came flashing on me, rushed in in such multitude) and some other hyperbolic expressions (I was borne down, had to struggle for every breath, could not have spoken one word though it had been to save my life, suffocating) give the reader a vivid sense of revelation befallen Pip who is about to faint which is proved metaphorically by the author (the room began to surge and turn) as well as metonymically (bringing the face that I now well remembered) . The final part is based on the SD of suspense which makes the idea of revelation more prominent and surely holds the reader’s attention till the very last word. The use of emphatic it-construction (It’s me wot has done it! ) deepens the reader’s understanding of it. The last paragraph is practically built up on parallel constructions backed up by anaphoric repetitions (as ever I earned a guinea, that guinea should go to you, as ever spec’lated and got rich, you should get rich) and the SD of antithesis (I lived rough, that you should live smooth, I worked hard that you should be above work). Rhetorical questions that do not need any answers but stimulate some meditations upon the real state of affairs strengthen the crash of all Pip’s great expectations. Disparaging himself deliberately the convict desires to sacrifice a lot for Pip’s sake that emphasizes his magnanimity and Pip’s pettiness. The young man’s happiness is the only compensation he needs and exclaiming – I could make a gentleman – and, Pip, you are him! – he sounds proud and satisfied with what he has done. In his novel Dickens touches upon some burning issues of his time in a life story of a young man whose being poor and lonely gets a chance to change all his life with the help of money and the power they give abandoning his friends and family, almost betraying the only people who ever loved him. With an ironic and satiric touch the author uncrowns all the great expectations of the young man who is subject to go through disappointments of his adult life much harder to overcome than childhood ones. For me the great value of the extract consists in my desire to read the whole story appeared while analyzing this text. To tell you the truth I’ve experienced some controversially feelings reading this passage trying to understand it completely and utterly. As they say good deeds are those you are not telling of so no matter how proud you are of your success and your achievements concerning some other person’s destiny you should not come to him to point out the connection between your actions and his fortune in order to avoid the annoying feeling of obligation, especially in case you do not know this person well enough to make him feel obliged. From my personal experience I cannot but say that friends and family will realize themselves whether they should thank you or not, as regards some other people you’ve ever secretly helped – sometimes it’s even a pleasure to watch them coping with their lives knowing that you’ve taken part in their success but keeping it to yourself to enjoy privately. Good deeds will be rewarded in any case – no need to force people thanking you or this gratitude will bring no good. How to cite Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Papers

Slaughterhouse Five Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Slaughterhouse Five This first chapter, a preface, is insistent on the fact that the book is based on real events. Vonnegut, like our narrator, is a veteran of World War II, a former prisoner of war, and a witness to a great massacre, and that fact lends a certain authority to what follows. Vonnegut shares with us his enduring inability to render in writing the horror of Dresden. There is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre, yet he feels the need to say something. The book unabashedly charts the author's struggle to find a way to write about what he saw in a way that neither belittles nor glorifies it. This struggle we keep in the back of our minds as we proceed to read of Billy Pilgrim's life. The author also irrevocably creates himself as a character in the narrative. It is Kurt Vonnegut, the writer, the former POW, who speaks of the many times he has tried and failed to write this book. It is Kurt Vonnegut, too, who utters the first "So it goes" after relating that the mother of his taxi driver during his visit to Dresden in 1967 was incinerated in the Dresden attack. "So it goes" is repeated after every report of every death. It becomes a mantra of resignation, of acceptance, of a supremely Tralfamadorian philosophy (something we will be introduced to later). But because the phrase is first uttered by Vonnegut writing as Vonnegut, each "So it goes" seems to come directly from the author and from the world outside the fiction of the text. Chapter One also hints that time will be an important part of the fiction to follow. The author was going around and around in circles trying to create a linear narrative. He felt like he was stuck inside a children's song that continued indefinitely, its last line maddeningly serving as also as its first. Only when he begins to think about static time, about returning endlessly to the events of one's life, about moments existing for eternity in no particular order, is he able to break through twenty years of frustration and write Slaughterhouse Five.

Free Essays on Acrchtypal Theory

Tolkien’s Archetypal Hero(s) When J.R.R Tolkien published the first book in the Lord of the Rings Trilogy, in 1954 he broke ground and paved the way for fantasy all the way to the twenty-first century a century that still holds Tolkien’s works on a glorious pedestal that stands far and above those in his shadow. The complexity of Tolkien’s writing rules out a detailed overview of the entire hero’s quest through what is called †Middle Earth†. The essence of Tolkien’s trilogy can be found in this epitaph: Three rings for the Elven-kings under the sky, Seven for the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone Nine for Mortal Men doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne, In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie, One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind Them In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie. In the prequel to the trilogy, The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins finds the â€Å"ring to bind them.† He stole this ring from Smeagol who has carried the ring for 500 years; all the while, the dark power of the ring has transformed him from a hobbit into a creature of the dark who cannot bare the light. It is the â€Å"dark power† which is connected to Gollum that makes him a pivotal character through out the whole trilogy. In the ending of The Hobbit, Bilbo passes the ring onto his heir, Frodo. At the beginning of The Fellowship of the Rings, the first book in the trilogy, Frodo departs, accompanied by his friends: embarking on the journey to destroy the ring by casting it into the Crack of Doom in the land of Mordor as he promised Bilbo. The second half of this book, all of The Two Towers, the second book, and the first half of the final book, Return of the King, are the details of sub quests that need to be overcome to get to Mordor. In the climax of the trilogy the ring i s destroyed, freeing Frodo and his surviv... Free Essays on Acrchtypal Theory Free Essays on Acrchtypal Theory Tolkien’s Archetypal Hero(s) When J.R.R Tolkien published the first book in the Lord of the Rings Trilogy, in 1954 he broke ground and paved the way for fantasy all the way to the twenty-first century a century that still holds Tolkien’s works on a glorious pedestal that stands far and above those in his shadow. The complexity of Tolkien’s writing rules out a detailed overview of the entire hero’s quest through what is called †Middle Earth†. The essence of Tolkien’s trilogy can be found in this epitaph: Three rings for the Elven-kings under the sky, Seven for the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone Nine for Mortal Men doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne, In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie, One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind Them In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie. In the prequel to the trilogy, The Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins finds the â€Å"ring to bind them.† He stole this ring from Smeagol who has carried the ring for 500 years; all the while, the dark power of the ring has transformed him from a hobbit into a creature of the dark who cannot bare the light. It is the â€Å"dark power† which is connected to Gollum that makes him a pivotal character through out the whole trilogy. In the ending of The Hobbit, Bilbo passes the ring onto his heir, Frodo. At the beginning of The Fellowship of the Rings, the first book in the trilogy, Frodo departs, accompanied by his friends: embarking on the journey to destroy the ring by casting it into the Crack of Doom in the land of Mordor as he promised Bilbo. The second half of this book, all of The Two Towers, the second book, and the first half of the final book, Return of the King, are the details of sub quests that need to be overcome to get to Mordor. In the climax of the trilogy the ring i s destroyed, freeing Frodo and his surviv...

Why Its Dangerous to Mix Bleach With Alcohol or Acetone

Why It's Dangerous to Mix Bleach With Alcohol or Acetone Mixing chemicals can be a bad idea, particularly if one of the chemicals is bleach. You may be aware household bleach gives off dangerous fumes when mixed with bases, such as ammonia, and acids, such as vinegar, but did you know its also risky to mix it with alcohol or acetone?  Bleach reacts with alcohol or acetone to form chloroform, a chemical that could knock you out and cause organ damage. Making Chloroform: The Haloform Reaction Chloroform is an example of a haloform (CHX3, where X is a halogen). Any of the halogens can participate in the reaction, except fluorine because its intermediate is too unstable. A methyl ketone (molecule with R-CO-CH3 group) is halogenated in the presence of a base. Acetone and alcohol are two examples of compounds that can participate in the reaction. The reaction is used industrially to produce chloroform, iodoform, and bromoform (although there are other reactions better for chloroform). Historically, its one of the oldest known organic reactions. Georges-Simon Serullas made iodoform in 1822 from reacting potassium metal in a solution of ethanol (grain alcohol) and water. Phosgene Many online sources mention the production of highly toxic phosgene (COCl2) from mixing bleach with alcohol or acetone. This is a chemical with practical applications, but may be best known as a deadly chemical weapon known to have an odor of musty hay. Mixing bleach with the other chemicals doesnt produce phosgene, however, chloroform breaks down into phosgene over time. Commercially available chloroform contains a stabilizing agent to prevent this degradation, plus it is stored in dark amber bottles to reduce exposure to light, which can hasten the reaction. How Mixing Could Occur While you wouldnt put bleach in a mixed drink, you might use it to clean up a spill or use it in a cleaning project with alcohol-containing glass cleaner. Acetone is found in pure form and in some nail polish removers. The bottom line: Avoid mixing bleach with anything except water. Chloroform can also result from disinfection of water using bleach. If the water contains high enough levels of reactive impurities, haloform and other carcinogenic chemicals may be produced. What Should I Do If I Mix Them? Chloroform has a sweet smell, very unlike that of bleach. If you mix bleach with another chemical and suspect a nasty fume was produced, you should: Open a window or otherwise air out the area. Avoid breathing in the gas.Leave at once until the vapor has had time to dissipate. If you feel faint or sick, be sure  another person is aware of the situation.Make certain children, pets, and other household members avoid the area until youre sure its okay. Usually, the concentration of chemicals is low enough that the amount of toxic chemical is low. However, if youre using reagent grade chemicals, like for a lab experiment to intentionally make chloroform, exposure warrants emergency medical attention. Chloroform is a central nervous system depressant. Exposure can knock you out, while high doses can lead to coma and death. Remove yourself from the area to avoid additional exposure! Also, please keep in mind that chloroform is known to induce tumors in rats and mice. Even low exposure isnt healthy. Chloroform: Fun Fact In books and movies, criminals use chloroform-soaked rags to knock out their victims. While chloroform has been used in some real-life crimes, its actually almost impossible to knock someone out with it. About five minutes of constant inhalation is needed to cause unconsciousness.

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

European Union Law - Essay Example The French authorities wish to deport Derek and his family back to the Britain. Here it will be important to consider the rights of the European Union citizens though before doing that it is perhaps important to consider whether the actions complained of by the French authorities are legally objectionable, or otherwise. Does Derek or his family have the right to stay Is their right independent of each other's Are Derek and his wife to be considered as "workers" Naturally, it is the European Court of Justice (the ICJ) that has severally been called upon to apply its wisdom in cases where a party suspects that his rights have been violated, and those instances will no doubt be crucial in gauging the status of Derek and his family. It may be wise to recite the relevant the full provision here in order to be seized of its full implications. Thus Article 39EC of the Nice treaty provides;2 2.. 1. Freedom of movement for workers shall be secured within the Community. 2.. Such freedom of movement shall entail the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality between workers of the Member States as regards employment, remuneration and other conditions of work and employment. 3. It shall entail the right, subject to limitations justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health: (a)to accept offers of employment actually made; (b) to move freely within the territory of Member States for this purpose; (c) to stay in a Member State for the purpose of employment in accordance with the provisions governing the employment of nationals of that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative action; (d) to remain in the territory of a Member State after having been employed in that State, subject to conditions which shall be embodied in implementing regulations to be drawn up by the Commission. A worker has been defined in the case of Lawrie-Blum V. Land Baden Wurttemberg as a person who for a time performs services for, or under a direction of another person, and receives remuneration in return.3 The ICJ has had to deal with cases where the rights of a migrant were considered. In the instant case, Hartley thinks that Article 39 on the freedom of movement of migrants is restricted in this aspect. A migrant has the right to cross borders once the offer is made before he leaves his country of origin, and as such, such migrant has no right to go to a member country to look for work4. This is premised on the fact that the Article 39 (3) (a) talks of "accepting offers of employment actually made." Thus I my advice to Derek is that his legal position as a migrant is already tenuous as he went to France to look for work. So unfortunately for Derek and his family, French authorities already have some legal ammunition they can use to deport the head of the family. For, Derek, the re prieve could come from a declaration made by the member states and recorded in the minutes meeting way back in 1968 that such migrants who crossed borders into other community member states could be allowed to stay for three months and if they have not been

TORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TORT - Essay Example Nevertheless, in Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co ([1970] AC 1004 (HL) it was suggested that Lord Atkin’s rationale remained applicable unless the specific circumstances merited exclusion of the dictum. As a result, commentators argued that the pendulum had swung too far in favour of claimants, which was reinforced by the decision pertaining to proximity in terms of who the duty of care was owed to in Anns v Merton LBC ([1972 2 All ER 492). The decision in of Anns v Merton London Borough ([1978] A.C. 728) asserted that the proximity test relies on a consideration of the nature of the relationship between the parties and Lord Wilberforce asserted that: â€Å"in order to establish that a duty of care arises in a particular situation... the question has to be approached in two stages. First one has to ask whether, as between the alleged wrongdoer and the person who has suffered damage there is a sufficient relationship of proximity ... such that in the reasonable contemplation of t he former, carelessness on his part may be likely to cause damage to the latter- in which case a prima facie duty of care arises†. However, subsequent decisions have struggled with this and in practice the courts have sought to water down the ramifications of Lord Wilberforce’s dictum in Anns v Merton as highlighted by the decisions in Peabody Donation Fund v Sir Lindsay Parkinson ([1984] 3 All ER 529) and Yuen Kun-yeu v AG of Hong Kong ([1987] 2 All ER 705). Moreover, in Rowling v Takaro Properties ([1988] 1 All ER 163) Lord Keith highlighted the point that a literal application of the judicial rationale in Anns v Merton could risk courts not taking into account all relevant factual considerations when evaluating whether or not to impose a duty of care. This line of thinking was reinforced by Lord Templeman’s dictum in CBS Sons v Amstrad ([1988] 2 All ER 484) which suggested that the decision in Anns undermined the purpose of negligence liability and risked open ing the floodgates of claims. In highlighting the implications of Lord Wilberforce’s test in Anns, Lord Templeman commented that Anns: â€Å"put the floodgates on the jar, a fashionable plaintiff alleges negligence.† Whilst the post Anns decisions clearly tried to avoid the literal implications of the Wilberforce test, the duty of care test was clarified by the decision in the case of Caparo Industries v Dickman ([1990] 1 All ER 568). In Caparo v Dickman ([1990]1 ALL ER 568), the House of Lords confirmed the following three stage test to determine whether a duty of care exists: 1) Whether the consequence of the defendant’s actions were reasonably foreseeable; 2) Whether there was sufficient proximity to impose a duty of care; and 3) Whether it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty of care. Moreover, Lord Bridge focused on the interrelationship between foreseeability and proximity elements for the existence of duty of care. To this end, Lord Bridge commen ted that â€Å"necessary ingredients in any situation giving rise to a duty of care are that there should exist between the party owing the duty and the party to whom it is owed a relationship characterised by the law

Feminist Sociological Study And Gender Inequality Sociology Essay

Feminist Sociological Study And Gender Inequality Sociology Essay The feminist perspective is the political stance of someone committed to changing the social position of women to bring about gender equality (Pilcher and Whelehan, 2004), whilst gender is described as the characteristics taken on by males and females in social life and culture through socialisation. Gender is a process and not a permanent state, implying that gender is being produced and reproduced, whereas inequality refers to the unequal rewards or opportunities for different individuals or groups within a society (Wharton, 2005). This essay will define how the feminist perspective has influenced the sociological study of gender inequality. It will summarise how the three founding fathers of sociology viewed mens oppression and womens subordination and discuss how earlier feminists viewed their counterparts attitudes. In the late 19th and early 20th century sociology remained a male dominated discipline with the classical theorists Marx, Durkheim and Weber. This was surprising due to the fact that the pre-existing patterns of gender inequality brought about modernisation. Womens labour contributed vastly to industrial capitalism. Although the classical theorists had literature and theories of contemporary feminist movements they never addressed the gendered process of modernisation, they saw women in more traditional roles within the family (Bilton et al, 2002). According to Giddens (2009) Marx viewed gender differences in power and status between men and women in the divisions of class. Gender inequality only appeared when industrial capitalism was formed; men went out to work and controlled the family income and the women stayed at home doing the housework whilst looking after the children. Fulcher and Scott (2003) noted that Marx viewed womens oppression as serving the capitalists society. Durkheim (1897 cited in Simpson 1952) viewed gender inequality as entrenched in society. In his discussion of suicide, Durkheim stated that men are a product of society while women are a product of nature. Durkheim suggested that women and men have different identities because women are less socialised then men. Likewise, Giddens (2009:91) stated Womens social position and identity are mainly shaped by their involvement in reproduction and childrearing. Durkheim (1897 cited in Simpson 1952) argued that women bear and rare children whereas men are active in the public spheres of politics and work. Yet, today feminists would argue that women are shaped as much as men through socialisation. Waters (1994) pointed out that Webers theory on gender inequality is confined to a system of organisational domination rather than power. Weber used the word patriarchalism rather than patriarchy to describe his category of traditional domination, where a person in authority inherits a particular status at birth. Weber indicated that the power of the man in the household is unimpeded and that women and children are his property. Women, Weber (cited in Roth, G. Wittich, C. 1968:1007) argued, are dependent because of the normal superiority of the physical and intellectual energies of the male. According to Waters (1994) Weber viewed the status of women and children under patriarchalism as similar to slaves in that they are capable of being bought, sold and rented. The first wave of feminism coincided with the classical theorists Marx, Durkheim and Weber. Giddens (2009) highlighted the fact that from 1800 to 2000 there had only been five feminist sociologists: Harriet Martineau 1802-76, Simone de Beauvoir 1908-86, Betty Friedan 1921-2006, Judith Butler 1956 and Vandana Shiva 1952. Martineau, the earliest sociologist and feminist was famous for introducing sociology to Britain through her transcript of Comtes thesis of sociology. In Giddens (2009) Martineau argued that if a society is to be studied, sociologists must focus on political, religious and social institutions. Secondly, that a society must include an understanding of womens lives. Thirdly, issues of marriage, children and domestic life should be left unchallenged and that sociologists must do more than view but act in ways to benefit society. Erstwhile influential figures of first wave feminism were Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Taylor Mill and her husband John Stuart Mill. Wollstonecraft (1792 cited in Abbott and Wallace, 1990:191) emphasised that inequalities between men and women were not the outcome of natural (biological) differences but due to the influence of the environment, and especially the fact that women were excluded from education. Wollstonecraft argued that it was essential to educate women and change society so women and men were seen as equal (Abbott et al, 2005). In Harriets essay, The Enfranchisement of Women 1851, published under her husbands name she campaigned that women should be given equal rights to the same jobs as men and that women should not live in separate spheres. Harriets views were seen as more radical than that of Johns however, they both argued in their book The Subjection of Women 1869 that women should have the same rights as men under law (Mill 1851, 1869 cited in Abbott, Wallace, 1990). The suffragettes and other campaigners of the 19th and 20th century campaigned for change. In 1839 women won the right to custody of an infant child, in 1882 the right to own their own property, in 1918 the right to vote and in 1934 they won the right to divorce on the same grounds as men. The 19th and 20th century feminism was all on the subject of change and having the same legal rights as men. Although women did not achieve equality with men in the 19th or early 20th century, most rights had been won. This first wave of feminism saw social change and therefore sociologists could no longer ignore gender inequality (Abbott, Wallace, 1990). Whilst the feminist theories had developed independently to sociology, the study of gender in sociology came from the second wave of the womens movement. Academic subjects like sociology appeared to ignore women. Women were rarely the subjects of research, and activities dominated by women such as house work and childcare received little interest. Oakley (1972) criticised sociology for generating knowledge more to do with mens lives rather than womens. At the time sociology was expressed in a quote by sociologist Jessie Bernard (1973 cited in Wharton, 2005:4) Can sociology become a science of society rather than a science of a male society? According to Waters (1994) feminist sociologists used the expression malestream to illustrate the mainstream discipline of sociology. Feminists implied that sociology was blind to gender and that it viewed gender difference and male oppression as symbolic, thus, sociological explanation was not needed. Giddens (2001) pointed to the fact that feminism and the womens movements had forced fundamental changes in sociology. Feminists argued that men and women had different experiences and viewed the world differently they did not build their understandings in equal ways. According to Waters (1994) womens experiences are intentionally ignored and the ways in which men dominate women is seen as natural. Additionally, when women were included in research, they were presented from a male perspective. Oakley (1972) suggested sociology had been biased from the beginning. Sociology was predominately a male profession and the principles of gender resulted in assumptions about differences between males and females. She argued that despite the criticism of the discipline for its malestream views little has changed over the years. Although women are studying the subject, the majority of lecturers are male. According to Abbott Wallace (1990) there has been some change in that sociologists can no longer afford to ignore the feminist perspective and there has been converse about the changes needed for male bias in sociology to be overcome. It has been noted that gender is a generally formed perception which contributes differing social roles and identities to males and females. According to Giddens (2009) gender differences are rarely neutral and that gender is a significant form of social stratification. Giddens (2009: 614) emphasised that gender is a critical factor in structuring types of opportunity and life chances faced by individuals and groups, and strongly influences the roles they play within social institutions from the household to the state. Fulcher and Scott (2003) stated that for many feminists, social stratification has been seen as entrenched in relations of sexual power that are built around natural differences of sex. Similarly, Giddens (2009) stressed that even though men and womens roles vary from society to society, there is no known society in which women are more dominant than men. Mens roles are usually highly rewarded and valued more than womens. Firestone (1971) argued that societies are sepa rated into opposed sex classes and that all men oppress all women, thus the struggle between men and women is the driving force in human history. Although women have made a number of advances around the globe, gender differences serve the foundation for gender inequality. There are many academic perspectives relating to gender inequality and how men dominate women in the public and private sphere (Giddens, 2009). The functionalist theory searches to show that gender differentiation contribute to social stability and integration. According to Waters (1994) Parsons and Murdoch studied the family in industrial societies and how children were socialised. They noted that the stability of the family contributed to successful socialisation. Parsons argued that the family operated more efficiently were women acted in an expressive role, caring for the children and offering them emotional support. Whereas the men performed better in an active role by going out and earning money for the family, Murdoch added that males and females are best suited to the roles they are biologically determined to perform. According to Giddens (2009) Femin ists argued that women are not prevented from occupations on the basis of biological features, they suggested humans are socialised into roles that are culturally expected of them and there is nothing natural about the distribution of tasks in society. Liberal feminists looked for explanations of gender inequality in social and cultural attitudes. They also fought for the equal rights of women through democratic means (Waters, 1994). The Liberal theory came to light with the suffragist movement in the early 20th century and fought against laws that gave rights to men and not women. They campaigned to pass laws to outlaw discrimination against women and to give women rights in the workplace, educational institutes and the media. Abbott et al (2005) criticised liberal feminists of not dealing with core issues of gender inequality, they do not acknowledge the nature of womens oppression. According to Bilton et al (2002) radical feminists alleged that men had an interest in controlling women through various tactics, including rape, genital mutilation, domestic violence and sexual harassment. The violence that women were exploited to showed a source of male supremacy. Giddens (2009) noted that radical feminists concentrated on the family home as one of the primary areas of womens oppression. Radical feminists argued that men exploited women by relying on unpaid domestic labour. Firestone (1971 cited in Giddens, 2009:617) expressed that ..because women are biologically able to give birth to children, they become dependent materially on men for protection and livelihood. Radical feminists argued that men see women as sexual objects whose main purpose is to entertain and please them. Additionally, radical feminists see patriarchy as a phenomenon. They suggest gender equality can only be gained by overthrowing the Patriarchal order. Marxist and socialist feminists argued that womens oppression was a symptom of capitalism rather than patriarchy. Like radical feminists, Marx feminists argued that the household was the location of womens oppression arising from the fact that women took part in unpaid work in the private sphere, that is, caring for the labour force and raising the next generation of workers to benefit the capitalists at no cost to them (Bilton et al, 2002). However, Marx had little to do with gender inequality, according to Giddens (2009) it was Engels who did more than Marxs in relation to gender inequality. Engels did so through the Marxist perspective. Engels (in Giddens, 2009) argued capitalism strengthens patriarchy by putting wealth in the hands of capitalists which underpins womens subordination to men. Both Marxist and radical feminists saw how capitalism effected gender relations in both the public and private spheres. They wanted to see a restructuring of the family and an end to domestic slavery, however Marx argued this would only be achieved through a revolutionary change. hooks (1981 cited in Haralambos Holborn, 2008) criticised white feminists of failing to acknowledge how race and racism impacts on womens experiences. She argued that white feminist theories of oppression applied to all women; therefore this institutionalised racism. Giddens (2009) pointed out that although black feminists stood next to their suffragette counterparts for womens rights they realised race could not be ignored. Black women were at a disadvantage on the basis of their colour, race, gender and class position. Black feminists concluded that if gender equality is to prevail then racism needed to be addressed in mainstream feminism. Post-modern feminism came about in the 1980s and challenged the definition of modern feminism. Post-modern feminists argued that woman is a debatable category, complicated by issues of class, ethnicity, sexuality and other facets of identity. They rejected the claim that there is a grand theory that can explain the position of women in a society because each society has complex social relations and women do not actually have a fixed identity. Post-modern feminists accept that there are many different points of view that are all equally valid (Marsh and Keating, 2006). Characteristics of Masculinity and femininity differ from one society to another, not only do the characteristics differ but so do the sexual activities in which people engage. Connell (1995 cited in Macionis Plummer, 2008: 366) described this as part of a gender order in which societies shape notions of masculinity and femininity into power relationships. Connell argued that femininity and masculinity were arranged around hegemonic masculinity and suggested that men produced and maintained gender inequality. According to Giddens (2001) Connell used pragmatic data on gender inequality to show how women were kept in subordinate positions to men. Connell categorised societys gender order into three facets: labour that referred to the sexual divisions of labour in the home and place of work, power that referred to domestic violence within the home and cathexis which related to the mechanics within emotional sexual relationships. According to the Office for National Statistics (2010) the pay gap for full-time employees in 2009 is down from 12.2% to 10.2%. For women, full-time earnings increased more across the bottom 10% of the distribution with a growth of 1.8% compared to 0.8% for their male counterparts. Similarly, the hourly earnings of the top 10% women went up by 2.1% compared to the 0.8% for men. In addition, the Office for National Statistics (2008) noted that in 2007/08 women were five times more likely to suffer from domestic violence than men, this accounted for 85% of women compared to 15% of men. Up until 1970, crime and deviance like other areas of sociology had ignored women. Sociologist, Carol Smart (1979 cited in Haralambos Horn 2008) criticised criminology for being male dominated and sexist. She argued that because women committed fewer and less insignificant crimes then men, women were undeserving of research. The Office for National Statistics (2008) reported that in 2006 males where more than likely to be found guilty of crime than women. In England and Wales between 82% and 94% of males were found guilty of a violent crime and 97% of males were found guilty of sexual offences. Criminologist Otis Pollock (1950 cited in Haralambos Horn 2008) claimed that women were more deviant then men. He argued that statistics on crime and gender were deceptive and that certain crimes women committed were likely to go unreported. Firstly, Pollock stated that the police and magistrates tended to be men and were chivalrous. Secondly, women were clever in hiding their crimes; Pollock linked this to female biology. Thirdly, Pollock saw womens domestic role as an opportunity to commit crime in the private sphere and that this type of crime went undetected. Although, Pollocks theories have been heavily criticised by other criminologist, his critics do give him creditability for being the first to say statistics did underrate female criminality. In summary, it is evident that in the 19th century men dominated society, early sociological theories ignored gender issues in particular women. Feminists such as Martineau fought against these sexiest ideologies arguing that malestream research did not relate to the lives of women or indeed their concerns. Feminists stressed that society could not be fully understood without taking women into consideration. The first wave of feminism was all about how men viewed and marginalised women and equal rights. As feminism developed in sociology, individual theories formed within feminism thinking. These theories highlighted and explained how women viewed gender inequality and how men oppressed women in the public and private sphere. Feminists believed that developing such theories would help them understand their subordination and help liberate themselves from mens control. Feminism has also helped sociologists understand how masculinity and femininity is arranged around the dominance of men and how the power relations of gender order keep women in subordinate positions within the home and at work. Whilst the feminist perspective has influenced the study of gender inequality by obtaining the same civil rights as men, acquiring rights in the workplace, the home and in politics. Some feminists still argue that there needs to be a total rethinking of sociological theory around the issues of women, although some progress has been made. It would appear that women still have a considerable way to go in closing the gendering gap and having the same equal opportunities as men. Yet, it remains to be seen if women will ever break through the glass ceiling and reach the top of the social mobility ladder or earn the same wage as men in high flying positions.

From her arrival in 1568, Mary Stuart posed a major threat to the security of Elizabeth and her government

Mary's arrival in England triggered the discontent among some Catholic sympathisers to become prevalent, as Mary provided a clear leader to focus their religious dissatisfactions with the moderately Protestant settlement imposed by Elizabeth. This is why religious motivations behind some of the laity were the most dangerous threat from Mary. Political advantages from individuals supporting Mary are contributory factors to threaten Elizabeth, without the laity's religious motivations however they cannot amount to a crucial significance. International implications from Mary's presence were potentially huge but were never anything more than potential. All these factors revolving around Mary that threatened Elizabeth were compounded by the way Elizabeth mismanaged situations. Mary can be seen as the reaction pathway in the threat towards Elizabeth, she does not do much herself to endanger Elizabeth, however she provided the discontented with the motivation to threaten Elizabeth because she was the next Catholic heir. Those who felt discontented about Elizabeth's moderate Protestant settlement now had a clear leader to focus their ambitions of a Catholic England. The Northern Rebellion is a prime example of this religious discontent of many of the laity being focused on releasing Mary to restore Catholicism to England (5600/6000 were individuals not tenants of the landowners who would have been forced into fighting). The reason why this is the paramount threat to Elizabeth is because of the number of people who had grievances against the religion and saw Mary Stuart as the way to gain their religion back. Tied into this is the political danger of those Nobles who also had Catholic sympathies but were also in a position to challenge Elizabeth i. e. he Duke of Norfolk who was under demands from Mary Stuart to gain her release from prison by force if needed. Mary was always going to be the main centre of Catholic plots against Elizabeth because she was the heir to the throne. Catholic dissatisfactions were already present before her arrival but were compounded and given direction with her arrival. Therefore Mary can be seen as the instigator behind the Catholic threat to Elizabeth. This is shown by the fact that until 1568 Elizabeth was relatively free from Catholic threats, however with the arrival of Mary Stuart the question of Elizabeth's successor arisen and the Catholic plots began. Moreover with a Catholic heir to the throne available to the Catholics in England then Elizabeth's life was under increased threat. This is because the extreme Catholics were undoubtedly prepared to kill Elizabeth, their Queen, to gain their religion. After all their route to heaven or hell was controlled by Elizabeth and if she got it wrong then they would not gain salvation. This personal threat to Elizabeth is shown by the St Bartholomew's Day massacre, where French Catholics killed their Protestant King in the name of their religion. This threat is also emphasised by the assassination of William of Orange by Dutch Catholics. Mary behaves like a catalyst in the Catholic threat to Elizabeth, without her the plots that surrounded her would have no meaning because there is nobody to restore Catholicism for them. However as Mary was in England then repeats of what had happened in France and Spain to Protestant leaders similar to Elizabeth could also happen. Politically Mary Stuart provides an alternative for those Nobles who were not content with their position under Elizabeth. Nobles who were isolated from power under Elizabeth may see supporting Mary Stuart as a way to gain power in court or getting back positions that they had deprived under Elizabeth. Example of these nobles includes the Earl of Northumberland who under Elizabeth had his wardship of the Middlemarch deprived. This plan by Elizabeth to decrease the power of the magnates in the North had loosened the allegiance between Elizabeth and nobles such as Northumberland to such an extent that they saw taking a risk on Mary Stuart as being more advantageous than serving under Elizabeth an having their power and prestige slowly eaten away. Once again Mary has not done anything herself to threaten Elizabeth but inversely her position as heir to the throne has attracted supporters who are willing to threaten Elizabeth, therefore Mary is the main pathway for Catholic threats. Tied in with the threats from isolated Nobles were the threats from within Elizabeth's court involving Mary Stuart, which were also very dangerous to Elizabeth. The main court intrigue was the proposed marriage between the Duke of Norfolk and Mary Stuart. This faction came to be mainly because of the fact that they wanted Elizabeth to name Mary as her heir. However this faction contained many powerful Nobles, who it seemed were plotting against Elizabeth around Mary. International threats revolving around Mary Stuart were potentially huge, especially from Spain who at that time were the major Catholic leaders in Europe. In theory it would be thought that Spain would want to support Mary Stuart onto the English throne because of her Catholicism. However because Mary Stuart was in the Guise family who controlled France and Scotland, then Spain would rather not have France effectively controlling England as well. Despite the disadvantages of Spain supporting Mary Stuart there are still examples of how Mary Stuart's presence in England gave rise to danger to the security of Elizabeth's throne from Spainish involvement, nor could Elizabeth ignore this potentially massive threat. For example the Ridolfi Plot which once again aimed to secure Mary's release and position on the English throne also included military assistance from Spain, however the plot was discovered and the troops did not come. Although the military did not come form Spain, Mary Stuart's qualities as a ruler i. e. she is Catholic, once again means that these international threats are going to see her as a means to weaken Elizabeth if not to replace her altogether. Foreign involvement centring around Elizabeth also came from France, after all Mary was half-French and therefore a clear motivation for France can be seen to control England as well. This is shown by the Throckmorton plot were the Duke of Guise was planning to lead an army to depose Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne. Although it failed it shows that Mary was the link between almost all the people who felt unhappy with Elizabeth's reign from the English laity in the North to some of the French Catholics. She united people who felt frustrated with Elizabeth's reign and those who saw advantages from supporting Mary. The security of Elizabeth's throne is definitely challenged here, although it does not go ahead, it is warning of what can happen, and foreign involvement from the leading two Catholic powers in Europe, i. e. Spain and France in supporting Mary Stuart cannot be taken lightly. Elizabeth's mismanagement of situations that may have deflated the threats aimed towards her centring around Mary Stuart made them worse. Politically Elizabeth tried to reduce the power of the magnates in the North by setting up councils. This alienated Nobles such as Northumberland from power and therefore distanced the Noble's allegiance to Elizabeth. This is a major factor in why the Revolt of the Northern Earls took place. This would not have been such a problem if not for the fact that Mary Stuart was present in England. She gave the isolated Nobles a chance to avenge their disfavour from Elizabeth. Elizabeth can also be identified in mismanaging the religious settlement to make some Catholics discontented enough to support Mary, a French women, over their own English Queen. To drive 5400 individuals to a point where they felt they had to rebel in the Northern Rebellion must have been down to something Elizabeth did. For example Elizabeth introduced the use of the Protestant prayer Book. Therefore Elizabeth created support for Mary Stuart with her own actions. This increases Mary's threat and shows that the security of Elizabeth's throne was intensified by some actions taken by Elizabeth. Elizabeth also hampered the security of her own throne by not taking the opportunities to subdue the threat from Mary. This could have easily been done by naming Mary Stuart as her heir, this would have pleased a lot of people and had a lot to commend itself. Including the fact that the Catholic threat, the main threat centring around Mary, would have decreased significantly because they would have been most likely been content with knowing that the next Monarch of England was going to restore Catholicism. However instead Elizabeth hesitated and refused to make her decision by ignoring the subject. For example during the court intrigue she refused to name her heir under significant pressure from her court. Once again Elizabeth has intensified the threat orbiting around Mary, not taking the opportunities to relieve the pressure that Mary is placing on the security of Elizabeth's throne. Mary Stuart's threat to Elizabeth not only came from the fact that she was the Catholic heir but she did have tremendous political skill and personal magnetism. This is clear to see from the way she manipulated the Duke of Norfolk into trying to secure her release. For example before the Northern Rebellion when Mary met Norfolk and she old him to get her released by force if necessary and Norfolk undoubtedly did what he was told and was involved in a number of plots to release Mary. Cecil knew about Mary's personal danger an tried to persuade Elizabeth to have her executed much earlier than she was, however Elizabeth refused, this is another example of how Elizabeth's indecision over crucial matters failed to remove the danger of Mary Stuart and is clearly linked to her mismanagement of matters as shown above. Mary Stuart's arrival in England was the instigator in many of the plots against Elizabeth. She was the turning point in the security of Elizabeth's throne, from being relatively calm pre 1568, to continuous strain on Elizabeth's throne after 1568. Mary herself was not the actual threat to Elizabeth, but she was the motivation for them. Most significantly religious threats orbiting around the fact that Mary was Catholic and placing Mary on the throne were paramount compared to all other motivations. Political factors were contributory to religion and international threats were conceivable but never got off the ground. However Mary's overall threat could have been reduced by Elizabeth but of her mismanagement. Nobody troubled Elizabeth more than Mary Stuart in her reign due to the fact that she was the Catholic heir and therefore Catholics who felt religiously dissatisfied were prompted to threaten Elizabeth.

Analysis On Spanish And American Culture - 1771 Words

Living in a foreign country is an experience that not many people live. Some of them because they don’t have the chance, some of them because they are not adventurous enough to say yes and do it. Being an exchange student allows you to get to know a different country, to get surprised by some of the traditions and habits in your new home, and also, to analyze your old customs and your country’s traditions. This paper is an analysis on Spanish and American culture, traditions and habits, and talks about life in each one of these two important countries, separated by five thousand three hundred kilometers. This paper will make the reader realize how two countries separated by that many kilometers of land and ocean can have that many similar†¦show more content†¦However, the hope of building a new life wasn’t the only reason why Europeans crossed the Atlantic, ambitious countries like Spain wanted to colonize the new land, in order to increase their wealth. Spanish explorers took to the sea to claim new colonies for Spain. Known as conquistadores, they conquered much of the Americas. (Danzer, Gerald A. The Americans. Student text. Evanstan: McDougal Littel, 2005.). Spanish explorers lived among the Native Americans, and built several missions in the south and west of the US, were they taught Native Americans their culture and language, not always in the friendliest way, as they abused Native Americans physically, and punished them if they didn’t obey them. This oppression behavior led to several uprisings against the Spanish, ending with the victory of the Native Americans. In spite of this, Spanish culture had already spread along the south and the west of the US, and still remains on the continent, irrevocably linking the two cultures. But this link is still not strong enough to overcome the time that has elapsed since Spanish and Native Americans shared the same land, and that’s why the two cultures still have some di fferences. One of the aspects that most impacted in Europe and in America after Columbus’ discovery was the

Spelling Challenges in the English Language

English is the unquestionable dominant language on Earth. The United States and the British Commonwealth account for over 400 million native speakers. Another 400 million comfortably speak English as a second language, while an estimated 750 million global citizens competently speak it as a foreign language. Worldwide Domination English has long dominated international endeavors, being the language of consensus for air traffic control communications, science, and most recently information technology. Internationally, in politics, education, and business, English is not the sole language used, but is overwhelmingly dominant. The graphic to the left illustrates the dominance, with the text size corresponding to relative use in the world. The English phrase â€Å"Thank You† dominates, whereas other important languages like German â€Å"Danke† and Japanese â€Å"Obrigado† are proportionally smaller. What I’ve found surprising, however, is how the language has seeped into internal use in countries where English is neither the official language nor historically, even a close second. Some companies in Sweden, for example, speak English in the workplace, even though the workers are Swedish. The rationale for this is that so much of their business is conducted in English with people and businesses outside of the country. In Austria, where German is the official language, grants for scientific research must be written in English, even though the researchers speak German or one of the other East European languages. The reason for this is that the members of the scientific community, which review the proposals, have different native languages but all speak English. Differing Spellings for the Same Sound What strikes me as odd about its dominance is that English is not an easy second language to learn. Unlike Spanish or Japanese, where vowels and consonants always have the same sound, English pronunciation is not consistent with spelling. For example, the consonant /k/ sound can be spelled many ways: â€Å"k†, as in kick â€Å"ck†, as in kick â€Å"ch†, as in chronic â€Å"c†, as in canine Similarly, the consonant /s/ sound also has several possibilities: â€Å"s†, as in social â€Å"c† as in circle â€Å"sc† as in eviscerate â€Å"ss†, as in assimilate Vowels are equally flexible. For example, look at the various pronunciations of the vowel /i/: Canine (â€Å"i† sounds like the â€Å"i† in nine) Ravine (like the â€Å"ee† in seen) Vermin (like the â€Å"i† in win) Nickel (like the â€Å"i† in sick) There are many reasons for this. First, unlike languages such as Japanese, which developed in isolation over a period of centuries, English is derived from several languages. These include Danish, German, Greek, Latin, and the romance languages. Many words adopted into English retained some form of the original language’s spelling, resulting in a disconnect between pronunciation and spelling: Mansion, from Old French. Instead of the more common â€Å"sh† spelling for the /sh/ sound, here it is spelled â€Å"si†. Vociferous, from Latin. Instead of the more common â€Å"s† spelling for the /s/ sound, here it is spelled â€Å"c†. Philander, from Greek. This explains why some English words spell the /f/ sound with â€Å"ph†, because that’s how the Greeks spelled it. The second reason for the disconnect between spelling and pronunciation is that English has evolved faster than most other languages. This is because the island of England, with its Old English, was repeatedly invaded over the centuries. The Romans, Scandinavians, French, and others all invaded England and left a heavy influence on the original Old English. Then, unlike Spanish and other languages, English continued to evolve faster. Whatever consistency there initially was in Old English and Middle English was lost, because changes in pronunciation outpaced efforts to change spelling conventions.